Neuroimaging In Traumatic Brain Injury Research Articles

Machine Learning in Neuroimaging of Traumatic Brain Injury: Current Landscape, Research Gaps, and Future Directions

In this narrative review, we explore the evolving role of machine learning (ML) in the diagnosis, prognosis, and clinical management of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The increasing prevalence of TBI necessitates advanced techniques for timely and accurate diagnosis, and ML offers promising tools to meet this challenge. Current research predominantly focuses on integrating clinical data, patient demographics, lab results, and imaging findings, but there remains a gap in fully harnessing the potential of image features. While advancements have been made in areas such as subdural hematoma segmentation and prognosis prediction, the translation of these techniques into clinical practice is still in its infancy. This is further compounded by challenges related to data privacy, clinician trust, and the interoperability of various health systems. Despite these hurdles, FDA-approved ML applications for TBI and their subsequent promising results underscore the potential of ML in revolutionizing TBI care. This review concludes by emphasizing the importance of bridging the gap between theoretical research and real-world clinical application and the necessity of addressing the ethical and privacy implications of integrating ML into healthcare.

Letter to the Editor. Advanced neuroimaging in traumatic brain injury: error in citation

Letter to the Editor. Advanced neuroimaging in traumatic brain injury: error in citation

Erratum. Advanced neuroimaging in traumatic brain injury: an overview.

Erratum. Advanced neuroimaging in traumatic brain injury: an overview.

Complex neuroimaging of traumatic brain injury: Magnetic resonance imaging

Traumatic brain injury is one of the most frequent types of injuries and ranks first among the causes of mortality and disability of the working population. The timely diagnosis of brain damage is one of the ways of improving the quality of emergency neurosurgical treatment of severe traumatic brain injury. Choosing the right diagnostic method allows you to assess the volume, severity of the injury and apply the correct treatment tactics.
 This paper describes in detail the special methods of magnetic resonance imaging used in the diagnosis of traumatic brain injury (MR cisternography, perfusion MRI, MR spectroscopy, diffusion-weighted and diffusion tensor MRI). The diagnostic capabilities, advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed.

Complex neuroimaging of traumatic brain injury: radiography and computed tomography

Every year, 1.5 million people die from traumatic brain injury, 50 thousand of them in Russia. A modern diagnostics of traumatic brain injury (TBI) reduces the mortality and improves the quality of medical care. The article discusses the advanced instrumental methods for diagnosing TBI: X-ray and CT of the skull, CT angiography, CT cisternography (CT-C), CT perfusion and selective cerebral angiography.
 The advantages and disadvantages of each method are considered. The authors also described the indications for each of the above-mentioned methods.

Connectome mapping with edge density imaging differentiates pediatric mild traumatic brain injury from typically developing controls: proof of concept.

Although acute neurologic impairment might be transient, other long-term effects can be observed with mild traumatic brain injury. However, when pediatric patients with mild traumatic brain injury present for medical care, conventional imaging with CT and MR imaging often does not reveal abnormalities. To determine whether edge density imaging can separate pediatric mild traumatic brain injury from typically developing controls. Subjects were recruited as part of the "Therapeutic Resources for Attention Improvement using Neuroimaging in Traumatic Brain Injury" (TRAIN-TBI) study. We included 24 adolescents (χ=14.1years of age, σ=1.6years, range 10-16years), 14 with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 10 typically developing controls. Neurocognitive assessments included the pediatric version of the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) and the Attention Network Task (ANT). Diffusion MR imaging was acquired on a 3-tesla (T) scanner. Edge density images were computed utilizing fiber tractography. Principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machines (SVM) were used in an exploratory analysis to separate mild TBI and control groups. The diagnostic accuracy of edge density imaging, neurocognitive tests, and fractional anisotropy (FA) from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was computed with two-sample t-tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) metrics. Support vector machine-principal component analysis of edge density imaging maps identified three white matter regions distinguishing pediatric mild TBI from controls. The bilateral tapetum, sagittal stratum, and callosal splenium identified mild TBI subjects with sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 100%. Accuracy from the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 94%. Neurocognitive testing provided an AUC of 61% (CVLT) and 71% (ANT). Fractional anisotropy yielded an AUC of 48%. In this proof-of-concept study, we show that edge density imaging is a new form of connectome mapping that provides better diagnostic delineation between pediatric mild TBI and healthy controls than DTI or neurocognitive assessments of memory or attention.

Advanced neuroimaging in traumatic brain injury: an overview.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common condition with many potential acute and chronic neurological consequences. Standard initial radiographic evaluation includes noncontrast head CT scanning to rapidly evaluate for pathology that might require intervention. The availability of fast, relatively inexpensive CT imaging has fundamentally changed the clinician's ability to noninvasively visualize neuroanatomy. However, in the context of TBI, limitations of head CT without contrast include poor prognostic ability, inability to analyze cerebral perfusion status, and poor visualization of underlying posttraumatic changes to brain parenchyma. Here, the authors review emerging advanced imaging for evaluation of both acute and chronic TBI and include QuickBrain MRI as an initial imaging modality. Dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MRI, MR arterial spin labeling, and perfusion CT are reviewed as methods for examining cerebral blood flow following TBI. The authors evaluate MR-based diffusion tensor imaging and functional MRI for prognostication of recovery post-TBI. Finally, MR elastography, MR spectroscopy, and convolutional neural networks are examined as future tools in TBI management. Many imaging technologies are being developed and studied in TBI, and some of these may hold promise in improving the understanding and management of TBI. ABBREVIATIONS ASL = arterial spin labeling; CNN = convolutional neural network; CTP = perfusion CT; DAI = diffuse axonal injury; DMN = default mode network; DOC = disorders of consciousness; DTI = diffusion tensor imaging; FA = fractional anisotropy; fMRI = functional MRI; GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale; MD = mean diffusivity; MRE = MR elastography; MRS = MR spectroscopy; mTBI = mild TBI; NAA = N-acetylaspartate; SWI = susceptibility-weighted imaging; TBI = traumatic brain injury; UHF = ultra-high field.

Neuroimaging of Traumatic Brain Injury.

The purpose of this article is to review conventional and advanced neuroimaging techniques performed in the setting of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The primary goal for the treatment of patients with suspected TBI is to prevent secondary injury. In the setting of a moderate to severe TBI, the most appropriate initial neuroimaging examination is a noncontrast head computed tomography (CT), which can reveal life-threatening injuries and direct emergent neurosurgical intervention. We will focus much of the article on advanced neuroimaging techniques including perfusion imaging and diffusion tensor imaging and discuss their potentials and challenges. We believe that advanced neuroimaging techniques may improve the accuracy of diagnosis of TBI and improve management of TBI.

Functional Neuroimaging in Traumatic Brain Injury: From Nodes to Networks.

Since the invention of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), thousands of studies in healthy and clinical samples have enlightened our understanding of the organization of cognition in the human brain and neuroplastic changes following brain disease and injury. Increasingly, studies involve analyses rooted in complex systems theory and analysis applied to clinical samples. Given the complexity in available approaches, concise descriptions of the theoretical motivation of network techniques and their relationship to traditional approaches and theory are necessary. To this end, this review concerns the use of fMRI to understand basic cognitive function and dysfunction in the human brain scaling from emphasis on basic units (or “nodes”) in the brain to interactions within and between brain networks. First, major themes and theoretical issues in the scientific study of the injured brain are introduced to contextualize these analyses, particularly concerning functional “brain reorganization.” Then, analytic approaches ranging from the voxel level to the systems level using graph theory and related approaches are reviewed as complementary approaches to examine neurocognitive processes following TBI. Next, some major findings relevant to functional reorganization hypotheses are discussed. Finally, major open issues in functional network analyses in neurotrauma are discussed in theoretical, analytic, and translational terms.

Functional neuroimaging of traumatic brain injury: advances and clinical utility.

Functional deficits due to traumatic brain injury (TBI) can have significant and enduring consequences upon patients’ life quality and expectancy. Although functional neuroimaging is essential for understanding TBI pathophysiology, an insufficient amount of effort has been dedicated to the task of translating functional neuroimaging findings into information with clinical utility. The purpose of this review is to summarize the use of functional neuroimaging techniques – especially functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and electroencephalography – for advancing current knowledge of TBI-related brain dysfunction and for improving the rehabilitation of TBI patients. We focus on seven core areas of functional deficits, namely consciousness, motor function, attention, memory, higher cognition, personality, and affect, and, for each of these, we summarize recent findings from neuroimaging studies which have provided substantial insight into brain function changes due to TBI. Recommendations are also provided to aid in setting the direction of future neuroimaging research and for understanding brain function changes after TBI.

Advanced Neuroimaging in Traumatic Brain Injury

Advances in structural and functional neuroimaging have occurred at a rapid pace over the past two decades. Novel techniques for measuring cerebral blood flow, metabolism, white matter connectivity, and neural network activation have great potential to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and prognosis for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), while also providing biomarkers to guide the development of new therapies. Several of these advanced imaging modalities are currently being implemented into clinical practice, whereas others require further development and validation. Ultimately, for advanced neuroimaging techniques to reach their full potential and improve clinical care for the many civilians and military personnel affected by TBI, it is critical for clinicians to understand the applications and methodological limitations of each technique. In this review, we examine recent advances in structural and functional neuroimaging and the potential applications of these techniques to the clinical care of patients with TBI. We also discuss pitfalls and confounders that should be considered when interpreting data from each technique. Finally, given the vast amounts of advanced imaging data that will soon be available to clinicians, we discuss strategies for optimizing data integration, visualization, and interpretation.

Common data elements for neuroimaging of traumatic brain injury: pediatric considerations.

As part of the Traumatic Brain Injury Common Data Elements project, a large-scale effort to define common data elements across a variety of domains, including neuroimaging, special considerations for pediatric patients were introduced. This article is an extension of that initial work, in which pediatric-specific pathoanatomical entities, technical considerations, interpretation paradigms, and safety considerations were reviewed. The goal of this review was to outline differences and specific information relevant to optimal performance and proper interpretation of neuroimaging in pediatric patients with traumatic brain injury. The long-range goal of this project is to facilitate data sharing as well as to provide critical infrastructure for potential clinical trials in this major public health area.

Neuroimaging of traumatic brain injury

In this article, the neuroradiological evaluation of traumatic brain injury is reviewed. Different imaging strategies in the assessment of traumatic brain injury are initially discussed, and this is followed by a review of the imaging characteristics of both primary and secondary brain injuries. Computed tomography remains the modality of choice for the initial assessment of acute head injury because it is fast, widely available, and highly accurate in the detection of skull fractures and acute intracranial hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance imaging is recommended for patients with acute traumatic brain injury when the neurological findings are unexplained by computed tomography. Magnetic resonance imaging is also the modality of choice for the evaluation of subacute or chronic traumatic brain injury. Mild traumatic brain injury continues to be difficult to diagnose with current imaging technology. Advanced magnetic resonance techniques, such as diffusion-weighted imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and magnetization transfer imaging, can improve the identification of traumatic brain injury, especially in the case of mild traumatic brain injury. Further research is needed for other advanced imaging methods such as magnetic source imaging, single photon emission tomography, and positron emission tomography.

Traumatic brain injury research state-of-the-art conference

Joel Kupersmith, MD; Alex K. Ommaya, ScD; Michael E. Selzer, MD, PhD, FRCP; Robert L. Ruff, MD, PhD; Henry L. Lew, MD, PhD The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), treating more than 5.5 million veterans annually [1], manages the largest integrated healthcare system in the nation and is committed to providing veterans with the highest quality healthcare. Conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan (Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom [OIF/OEF]) have resulted in an influx of new veterans to the VA health system. From 2002 to 2008, 945,423 OIF/OEF veterans left active duty, with 42 percent (400,304) obtaining VA healthcare [2]. The challenge that this trend presents to the maintenance of the VA’s high standard of care is compounded by the fact that many are returning home with complex injuries, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), frequently referred to as the signature injury of modern warfare. Many knowledge gaps exist regarding TBI. Accordingly, in late April 2008, the VA’s Office of Research and Development (ORD) sponsored a state-of-theart (SOTA) conference to advance the knowledge base in TBI. This SOTA conference identified what we know and what we need to know about TBI, from the basic science to diagnosis, evidence-based treatment, acute management, and long-term rehabilitation for TBI. The goal was to recommend for all stakeholders further research on the development of clinical practice guidelines, policies, or processes that would improve quality and outcomes of TBI care. ORD assembled a prestigious planning committee. The planning committee developed the objectives for the SOTA conference and commissioned background articles to stimulate discussions among the 100 invited experts at the conference. Subject matter experts wrote the background articles and submitted them for peer review. Of those articles, 17 passed the rigorous review process and are published here in this special issue of Journal Rehabilitation Research and Development (JRRD). The articles cover various aspects of TBI and its comorbidities. Topics include— 1. Acute clinical care for TBI: Continuation of care from the battlefield to the Department of Defense (DOD) and the VA. 2. Pathology of blast-related brain injury. 3. Infectious complications in OIF/OEF veterans with TBI. 4. Posttraumatic epilepsy. 5. Prevalence of chronic pain, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and persistent postconcussive symptoms in OIF/OEF veterans: The polytrauma clinical triad. 6. Treating veterans with comorbid mild TBI (mTBI) and PTSD. 7. Advances in neuroimaging of TBI and PTSD. 8. Approaches to war-related mild to moderate TBI.

Advances in neuroimaging of traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder.

Improved diagnosis and treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are needed for our military and veterans, their families, and society at large. Advances in brain imaging offer important biomarkers of structural, functional, and metabolic information concerning the brain. This article reviews the application of various imaging techniques to the clinical problems of TBI and PTSD. For TBI, we focus on findings and advances in neuroimaging that hold promise for better detection, characterization, and monitoring of objective brain changes in symptomatic patients with combat-related, closed-head brain injuries not readily apparent by standard computed tomography or conventional magnetic resonance imaging techniques.

Neuroimaging of Traumatic Brain Injury

Head trauma requires several different neuroimaging modalities for adequate evaluation and determination of treatment. This article considers the importance of anatomical and functional imaging modalities in the initial evaluation, treatment planning, and long-term management of patients with head injury. These modalities include computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and single photon emission computed tomography. Each modality offers specific advantages and potential disadvantages. However, it is important to understand the capabilities of each modality, and how and when each one might provide the most valuable information as one evaluates such patients.

Introduction to Neuroimaging in Traumatic Brain Injury

Journal of NeurotraumaVol. 23, No. 10 Invited PapersIntroduction to Neuroimaging in Traumatic Brain InjuryBrian LevineBrian LevineSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:4 Oct 2006https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2006.23.1394AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail "Introduction to Neuroimaging in Traumatic Brain Injury." , 23(10), pp. 1394–1395FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byNeuroimaging Classification of Traumatic Brain Injury5 February 2014 Volume 23Issue 10Oct 2006 InformationCopyright 2006, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.To cite this article:Brian Levine.Introduction to Neuroimaging in Traumatic Brain Injury.Journal of Neurotrauma.Oct 2006.1394-1395.http://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2006.23.1394Published in Volume: 23 Issue 10: October 4, 2006PDF download

Advances in Traumatic Brain Injury Neuroimaging Techniques

Advances in Traumatic Brain Injury Neuroimaging Techniques